The Wonder Book of Knowledge — How the Brain Works
Intersection

The Whatever Between Your Ears

The mind is the brain — but how can this be? I've spent most of my research career trying to answer this question.

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Two Main Moves

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What is to be explained? We are more than just stimulus detection machines. What makes human consciousness uniquely thick is our awareness of time. This constant experience of duration, of sequence, and of passage enriches every thought, every percept, every feeling. A scientific theory of consciousness must explain all that. This is the work of phenomenology, the backbone of my course, "The Conscious Mind: A Philosophical Road Trip" ↗
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What kind of physical mechanism could have an experience of subjective time? Here, the rough answer is: a recurrent neural network. That's plausible in principle. Finding the traces of subjective time in the brain remains an expanding challenge, with books and papers to show for it. It's a beginning.
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Book

Radiant Cool: a novel theory of consciousness
MIT Press, 2004  ·  MIT Press ↗
ForeWord Magazine Book of the Year — Gold Medal, Philosophy. Translated into Italian (Sironi, 2006), Japanese (Kodansha, 2006), and Korean.
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Papers

2024
Dynamic Snapshots and Artificial Temporality
Do AI systems have any purchase on time — on the flow of experience from past through present to anticipated future? An exploration of what temporal structure in neural networks can and cannot simulate.
In True Colors, Time After Time, Carruth et al., eds. Painosalama Oy, 2024, pp. 215–227 PDF ↗
2020
The Musical Structure of Time in the Brain
An investigation of how the temporal structure of brain dynamics mirrors the formal properties of music — bridging neuroscience, phenomenology, and musical theory.
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 2020 doi ↗
2018
Notes toward a Theory of Sensory-Motor Understanding
Sketching a theory of how perception and action are unified in understanding — and what that implies for the embodied, time-saturated character of conscious experience.
Interalia Magazine, December 2018 full text ↗
2016
Hearing, Seeing, and Music in the Middle
On the phenomenology of musical experience — how hearing and seeing converge in the perception of music, and what this reveals about the mind's integration of sensory modalities.
In Philosophy of Mind and Phenomenology, Routledge, 2016, pp. 205–223 PDF ↗
2014
The Disunity of Time; Subjective Time: From Past to Future
Two closing chapters in the volume, both with Valtteri Arstila — a reflection on the experimental psychology of time perception, and a synthesis of how subjective time spans past, present, and future.
With Valtteri Arstila, in Subjective Time, MIT Press, 2014, pp. 658–663 and 309–321
2012
Neural Correlates of Temporality: Default Mode Variability and Temporal Awareness
An investigation of how spontaneous fluctuations in default mode network activity relate to the brain's construction of temporal awareness — linking resting-state variability to the felt passage of time.
Consciousness and Cognition, 21:695–703, 2012 doi ↗
2007
Civil Schizophrenia
On schizophrenia as a disorder of temporal self-awareness — and what that implies for how we understand both the illness and the structure of normal conscious experience.
2007 PDF ↗
2002
Functional MRI and the Study of Human Consciousness
A secondary analysis of four fMRI datasets applying phenomenological concepts — intentionality, superposition, and temporality — to the study of consciousness. Multivariate methods reveal neural analogues of temporal structure across 27 subjects.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(6):818–831, 2002 PDF ↗
See also Brain Mind Time Dan Lloyd's Brain